Fighting Lymphoma: Early Detection, Treatment Options, and the Importance of Support. Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that develops in the lymphatic system, specifically targeting lymphocytes—white blood cells that play a crucial role in defending the body against infections. It occurs when normal lymphocytes mutate into abnormal, cancerous cells that grow uncontrollably. These cancerous cells can spread through the blood and lymphatic systems, affecting the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs. Broadly, lymphoma is classified into two types: Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL).
Globally, lymphoma is a major health concern. According to Globocan 2022, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ranked 10th among all cancers, accounting for more than 553,000 cases and over 250,000 deaths in a single year. In Malaysia, lymphoma is the fourth most common cancer and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths.
Dr Hon Siong Leng, Consultant Haematologist and Transplant Physician at Sunway Medical Centre, Sunway City, explains that the difference between HL and NHL lies in the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are unique to HL. HL tends to be diagnosed in younger adults, while NHL is more common in older adults and can take many forms, including B-cell and T-cell subtypes. “Unlike normal lymphocytes, the abnormal cells replicate rapidly and survive much longer. Patients typically present with painless lymph node swelling or abnormal blood counts,” she notes.
Recognising Symptoms and Risk Factors
Symptoms of lymphoma can often be mistaken for common illnesses, making early detection critical. Warning signs include prolonged fever above 39.5°C without an obvious cause, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, skin rashes, or persistent itching. Men face a higher risk than women, and while lymphoma can affect all ages, NHL is more common in older adults, with the median age of diagnosis at 67.
Risk factors include weakened immune systems—such as those in organ transplant recipients on long-term immunosuppressants—or infections with viruses like HIV and Epstein-Barr. Environmental exposures, including chemicals such as benzene, pesticides, and herbicides, also elevate risk. Family history and prior cancer treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy may further increase vulnerability.
Hope Through Treatment
Despite its seriousness, lymphoma is considered one of the more treatable cancers. According to Dr Hon, overall cure rates can reach up to 80%, with even advanced stage 4 cases showing survival rates of up to 70%. Treatment options depend on the lymphoma type and stage but may include immunochemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, autologous stem cell or bone marrow transplantation, and CAR-T cell therapy. She stresses the importance of consulting specialists to tailor treatment to each patient’s needs.
Beyond medical care, support systems play a vital role. “A lymphoma diagnosis can take a toll both mentally and physically,” Dr Hon explains. “Maintaining a balanced diet, practicing meditation or relaxation exercises, and joining support groups can help patients manage side effects, reduce stress, and improve quality of life.” She also advises patients to avoid unverified traditional medicine during treatment, as it can interfere with prescribed therapies.
A Battle That Can Be Won
While lymphoma is a formidable disease, early detection, the right treatment plan, and strong support networks can make a significant difference in outcomes. Hospitals like Sunway Medical Centre, established in 1999 and accredited by JCI, ACHS, and MSQH, continue to strengthen Malaysia’s fight against cancer by providing world-class healthcare and access to advanced treatment options.
For patients and families facing lymphoma, vigilance, timely medical attention, and holistic care can turn a daunting diagnosis into a battle that is not only survivable but often curable.